Heresy: Difference between revisions
→Heretical religions
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== Medieval age == | == Medieval age == | ||
=== Cathars, Waldensians & the Medieval Inquisition === | |||
* The Cathar movement grew In the 1140s in Southern France, and the Waldensians around 1170 in northern Italy and Germany | |||
** Catharism was gnostic dualistic, in that it saw the universe as a battle between Good (spiritual) and Evil (material), and was thus polytheistic | |||
** the Albigensian Crusade defeated Cathar armies and the movement generally | |||
* Waldensianism was a movement that denied the priesthood, holding that all Christians were among the "priesthood of all believers" | |||
** as such, the Walendsians denied the Sacraments and the Church itself | |||
* the inquisitions to combat these heretical movements were designed to halt mob violence and to bring an orderly judicial process to their accusations | |||
** as well as to combat abuses of inquisitors by making them responsible to Church heirarchy | |||
* during this time, if a person was found heretical and unrepentant, they were handed over to civil authorities who had the authority to execute them | |||
== Late Medieval & Enlightenment == | == Late Medieval & Enlightenment == | ||
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* Pius IX and X warned of the dangers of modernism | * Pius IX and X warned of the dangers of modernism | ||
== | == Heresy in worldwide religions == | ||
While not "heretical movements," these main, worldwide religions share beliefs with Catholicism but disagree in such ways as to | While not "heretical movements," these main, worldwide religions share beliefs with Catholicism but disagree in such ways as to contradict Catholic faith: | ||
=== Islam === | === Islam === | ||
* rejects Christ as God | * rejects Christ as God | ||
* sees God as entirely one being, thus no persons of the Father, Son or Holy Spirit | |||
* this view creates the problem of man's relationship to God as that of purely master and servant | |||
* Islam grew out of Arabian culture and traditional religions mixed with elements of Judaism and Christianity | |||
=== Judaism === | === Judaism === | ||
* | * rejects Christ as Messiah and God | ||
** sees the coming Messiah as a man, like Saul or David (both called "Messiah" in the OT) | |||
* has notions of the "spirit" but no explicit formulation of the Holy Spirit | |||
* while over the history of the Christian Church, there has been persecution of Jews, the Catholic Church never considered Jews heretical | |||
** the most common example of persecution of the Jews is that of the Spanish Inquisition | |||
*** however | |||
=== Mormonism === | === Mormonism === | ||
* essentially polytheistic, and therefore extremely problematic as regards Christ | |||
* has non-Biblical beliefs such as "saints" (members of the Mormon church) as gods (polytheism) | * has non-Biblical beliefs such as "saints" (members of the Mormon church) as gods (polytheism) | ||
=== Protestantism === | === Protestantism === | ||
* | * Protestantism's core belief lies in '''sola scriptura''<nowiki/>' and '<nowiki/>''sola fide''<nowiki/>', which hold that | ||
* | ** the only authority for Church dogma lies in the text of the Bible itself | ||
*** for this reason, Luther, for example, discarded the Dueteronomical books that contradicted his positions on Purgatory, the Saints, etc. | |||
** belief alone leads to savlation ("justification by faith alone") | |||
*** which thereby negates the need for the Priesthood and the Sacraments | |||
* various modern Protestant churches may reject core Catholic beliefs of | * various modern Protestant churches may reject core Catholic beliefs of | ||
** Sacraments of Confirmation, Priestly Ordination, and the Eucharist | ** Sacraments of Confirmation, Priestly Ordination, and the Eucharist | ||
** the Real Presence of Christ at Mass, especially in the Eucharist | ** the Real Presence of Christ at Mass, especially in the Eucharist | ||
** Saints | ** the Saints | ||
** Church tradition | ** Church tradition and accumulated wisdom through thinkers, Saints, and tradition | ||
* especially in its early period, protestant movements were seen as not merely schismatic but heretical | |||
** French protestants, for example, the Huguenots, were persecuted for heresy | |||
** as protestant churches were given official sanction by local rulers, especially in Germany, the movement became political, thus leading to wars such as the Thirty Years War, which was a political as much as a religious war | |||
== Sources == | == Sources == | ||