Editing History of the Bible (section)

= Vulgate =
St. Jerome translated the Hebrew and Greek into Latin.  As his translation became the most commonly used, it was referred to as "the vulgate," for common.

== Bible paper materials ==

=== Manuscript ===
Means "hand written" (''manu'' + ''script'').  All Bibles produced until the use of the printing press were thus manuscripts.

=== Papyrus ===
The most significant development in the history of the Bible is the spread of Egyptian papyrus scrolls, which, as discussed above, gives us the name "Bible," as papyrus paper was sold in the trade port Byblos. Like modern paper, papyrus paper is constructed from flattened, glued (or sorts) cellulose, in this case from the papyrus plant, a tall reed.

=== Scrolls ===
The Hebrew texts were written on papyrus and cut into long pieces that could be rolled up, thus a "scroll." The Pentateuch is the Hebrew ''Torah'', which contains the "Five Books of Moses", thus ''penta'' for "five scrolls" or five scroll-cases. Hebrew is read from left to right, so the scrolls would be rolled in that direction.  They were stored in clay jars that had lids to protect them.   

=== Codex ===
From Latin ''caudex'', for "tree trunk," the "codex" is what we would call a "book," i.e. a hard cover with "pages." The word "page" is from Latin ''pagina'' for "leaf of paper" and was typically strips of papyrus that were fastened together and folded, so the "page" was the one the reader was reading from.  The word "page" comes from PIE '''*pag-''' for "to fasten."

Codices (plural for codex) were made by stacking sheets of papyrus or vellum paper, folding them all together, then sewing, or "binding" them with thread along the fold, thus creating a "book" format with pages.

=== Parchment ===
Or vellum, is animal skin used as paper, which was preferable to papyrus for its durability.  

[[Category:Bible]]
[[Category:Catechism of the Catholic Church]]