Nicene Creed: Difference between revisions
→Notes on the history of the Nicene Creed
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* The primary proponent of the heresies that were corrected by the Councils was the gnostic heretic, “Arius,” whose followers were called “Arians” and his teachings “Arianism”. | * The primary proponent of the heresies that were corrected by the Councils was the gnostic heretic, “Arius,” whose followers were called “Arians” and his teachings “Arianism”. | ||
* St. Nicholas slapped Arius at the Council of Nicaea | * St. Nicholas slapped Arius at the Council of Nicaea | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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| colspan="2" |Affirms the Trinity, the Father, Son and Holy Spirit | | colspan="2" |Affirms the Trinity, the Father, Son and Holy Spirit | ||
|Some heretics did not recognize the Holy Spirit | |Some heretics did not recognize the Holy Spirit | ||
|- | |||
| colspan="2" |The Council of Constantinople of 381 added "'''''who proceeds from the Father'''''" to the statement of belief of the Holy Spirit | |||
| | |||
* the ''filoque'', which means "and the son," from "'''''I believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the giver of life,''''' '''''who proceeds from the Father and the Son",''''' was added later in tradition and officially in the Roman Rite in 1014 "proceeds from the Father" is taken directly from John 14:26 and 15:26 | |||
* both passages quote Christ, the first, "whom the Father will send in my name" and the second, "whom I will send to you from the Father", assert that the Holy Spirit also proceeds from the Son, however the Orthodox Church does not accept the ''flioque'' (one can interpret the Gospel of John both ways; however in John 20:22 Christ breathes the Holy Spirit upon the Apostles, a direct example of procession of the Holy Spirit from the Son | |||
* "and the son" was spoke of by 2nd -4th century Church Fathers, including Tertullian (2nd-3rd centuries), Jerome (4th-5th centuries), Ambrose (4th century) and Augustine (4th-5th centuries) | |||
* Charlemagne in 798 adopted "and the son" and included it across his kingdom | |||
* in 1014, Pope Benedict VIII included the ''filoque'' in his coronation the Holy Roman Emperor Henry II (a German king) | |||
* the ''filioque'' marks a theological division between the Eastern and Western Churches and contributed to the Schism of 1054. | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="2" | | |||
|- | |- | ||
| rowspan="2" |Note: | | rowspan="2" |Note: | ||
| * If the Son and/or the Holy | | * If the Son and/or the Holy Spirit are not of the “same substance” as the Father, then belief in the Son and the Holy Spirit becomes polytheistic and allows for belief in other gods. | ||
* “Strict” monotheistic religions such as Judaism and Islam reject the divinity of Christ. | * “Strict” monotheistic religions such as Judaism and Islam reject the divinity of Christ. | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== Filoque === | |||
See | |||
** the Council of Ephesus of 431 stated that any changes to the texts of the the Council of Nicaea of 325 are anathema (not | |||
** and Constantinople of 381 were anathema | |||
[[Category:Catechism of the Catholic Church]] | [[Category:Catechism of the Catholic Church]] | ||
[[Category:Church doctrine]] | [[Category:Church doctrine]] | ||