The complicated sixteenth century: Difference between revisions
→Erasmus' influence upon Loyolla
| Line 21: | Line 21: | ||
=== Erasmus' influence upon Loyolla === | === Erasmus' influence upon Loyolla === | ||
In 1501, Erasmus published, ''Enchiridion militis Christiani'', or "Handbook<ref>The word "handbook" may be an incomplete translation of ''Enchiridion'', which suggests a more complete "manual" or set of instructions rather than a "handbook".</ref> of the Christian Soldier," | In 1501, Erasmus published, ''Enchiridion militis Christiani'', or "Handbook<ref>The word "handbook" may be an incomplete translation of ''Enchiridion'', which suggests a more complete "manual" or set of instructions rather than a "handbook".</ref> of the Christian Soldier." The work was at the quest of the wife of an errant soldier who begged a friend of Erasmus to help change her husband's behavior. The medieval notion of "chivalry<ref>From French "''chevalerie''" for horseman and ''chevaler'' for knight; the English term, ''cavalier'', is drawn from the same Latin root, ''caballarius'' for horseman. A warrior who owned a horse was of a higher social and economic class from regular soldiers, thus its conneciton with nobility.</ref>" arose in the 12th century as a code of conduct for knights and noblemen and inspired a literary genre (such as the legend of King Arthur) as well as formal codes of behavior for military orders and for court life, generally. Chivarly was deeply intwined with Christianity, perhaps best seen in the Teutonic Knights who venerated the Vigin Mary as patroness. By the time of Erasmus, and with the avent of gunpowder and large state armies, chivalry had morphed into ritualistic expressions of knighthood such as jousting, hunting, and heraldry, which consisted of displays of rank and pedigree through emblems, flags, and banners. | ||
As a civilizing code, chivalry focused on duty to country, duty to God, and duty to protecting the weak, especially women. Its origins lay in the very real necessity for controlling behaviors in feudal society that lacked controlling centrol authority outside of the Church, especially in the political vacuum following the collapse of the Carolingian Empire. In 989, a Church assemby at Charroux, France, declared the ''Pax Dei'', or "Peace of God" to protect unarmed clerics or innocent noncombattants, especially virgins and widows (i.e. who lacked the protection of a male partner) from both targeted and random violence. The ''Pax Dei'' declared churches, monestaries and cemeteries protected, consecrated places, as well as Sundays and feast days, and used excommunication for enforcement. | |||
and the ''Treuga Dei'' | |||
which gave him, according to scholar Terence O'Reilly, "enormously popularity in Spain durng the 1520 not, primarily, as a satirsist, nor as a scholar, but as the author of ''Enchiridion militis christiani."''<ref>[https://www.jstor.org/stable/23961674 ERASMUS, IGNATIUS LOYOLA, AND ORTHODOXY], Terence O'Reilly, The Journal of Theological Studies, NEW SERIES, Vol. 30, No. 1 (APRIL 1979), pp. 115-127 (13 pages) Published By: Oxford University Press; </ref> | |||
<pre | |||
* [https://www.jstor.org/stable/23961674 ERASMUS, IGNATIUS LOYOLA, AND ORTHODOXY on JSTOR] | * [https://www.jstor.org/stable/23961674 ERASMUS, IGNATIUS LOYOLA, AND ORTHODOXY on JSTOR] | ||
* [https://www.britannica.com/topic/Handbook-of-a-Christian-Knight Handbook of a Christian Knight | work by Erasmus | Britannica] | * [https://www.britannica.com/topic/Handbook-of-a-Christian-Knight Handbook of a Christian Knight | work by Erasmus | Britannica] | ||
==== Don Quixote by Cervantes ==== | |||
----References | |||
[[Category:Church History]] | [[Category:Church History]] | ||