Blog:"none greater than John the Baptist": Difference between revisions
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<center>[[File:2021-10-10 site of Michael's Baptism pano w- DJ.jpg|none|thumb|850x850px|<small>An industrial stream in lower central Pennsylvania: the site of Michael's baptism, October 10, 2021.</small>]]</center> | <center>[[File:2021-10-10 site of Michael's Baptism pano w- DJ.jpg|none|thumb|850x850px|<small>An industrial stream in lower central Pennsylvania: the site of Michael's baptism, October 10, 2021.</small>]]</center>[https://bible.usccb.org/bible/john/1?6 John 1:6-7] tells it straight: <blockquote>A man named John was sent from God. | ||
He came for testimony, to testify to the light [Christ]</blockquote>This was most confusing to the pharisees, who, John tells us, couldn't get their heads around the idea that John was baptizing people, yet denied that he was the Messiah.<ref>[https://bible.usccb.org/bible/john/1?25 Jn 1:25]</ref> | |||
Yet, we ourselves, it seems, are mystified by John the Baptist, as well. | |||
[[File:Mattia_Preti_-_San_Giovanni_Battista_Predicazione.jpg|border|thumb|<small>St. John the Baptist Preaching, c. 1665, by Mattia Preti (wikipedia)</small>]] | |||
= "God is Grace" = | = "God is Grace" = | ||
<blockquote>“Do not be afraid, Zechariah, because your prayer has been heard. Your wife Elizabeth will bear you a son, and you shall name him John"<ref>[https://bible.usccb.org/bible/luke/1?13 Lk 1:13]</ref></blockquote>"John" in Hebrew is "Yohanan," which means "God is [has been] gracious."<ref>See [https://netbible.org/bible/Luke+1 Constable's notes in Luke 1:13]</ref> | |||
Except for the senses of ''favor/ favored, dignify/ dignified, or honor/ honored'', you won't find the Christian sense of the word "grace" as "participation in the life of God<ref>See [https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/484/ CCC 1997]</ref>" in the Old Testament. So when the angel told Zechariah to name his child "John," his understanding would be that he should be grateful to God for the child, which came to him of God's "graciousness" or generosity.<ref>The English "grace" comes of the PIE root '''*gwere-''' for "to favor" and from which we get words like "agree," "congratulate," "gracious", "grateful," gratitude," etc. (or in the negative sense, "ingrate" and "ungrateful").</ref> | Except for the senses of ''favor/ favored, dignify/ dignified, or honor/ honored'', you won't find the Christian sense of the word "grace" as "participation in the life of God<ref>See [https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/484/ CCC 1997]</ref>" in the Old Testament. So when the angel told Zechariah to name his child "John,"<ref>[[Lk 1:13]]</ref> his understanding would be that he should be grateful to God for the child, which came to him of God's "graciousness" or generosity in response to his prayers for a son.<ref>The English "grace" comes of the PIE root '''*gwere-''' for "to favor" and from which we get words like "agree," "congratulate," "gracious", "grateful," gratitude," etc. (or in the negative sense, "ingrate" and "ungrateful").</ref> | ||
God always has larger plans: grace in the Christian sense is gift-wrapped for us in baptism. From the Catechism<ref>[https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/486/ CCC 1999]</ref> )<blockquote> | God always has larger plans: grace in the Christian sense is gift-wrapped for us in baptism. From the Catechism<ref>[https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/486/ CCC 1999]</ref> )<blockquote> | ||
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''Therefore if any one is in Christ, he is a new creation; the old has passed away, behold, the new has come. All this is from God, who through Christ reconciled us to himself.''<ref>From [https://bible.usccb.org/bible/2corinthians/5:17 2 Cor 5:17-18]</ref></blockquote> | ''Therefore if any one is in Christ, he is a new creation; the old has passed away, behold, the new has come. All this is from God, who through Christ reconciled us to himself.''<ref>From [https://bible.usccb.org/bible/2corinthians/5:17 2 Cor 5:17-18]</ref></blockquote> | ||
The entire point of the Christian baptism, then is "God is grace," or | The entire point of the Christian baptism, then is "God is grace," or, more simply, ''Yohanan''. And, like John the Baptist, who announced the Christ, Baptism itself is, according to the Catechism<ref>[https://www.usccb.org/sites/default/files/flipbooks/catechism/314/ CCC 1213]</ref>, <blockquote>... the basis of the whole Christian life, the gateway to life in the Spirit ''(vitae spiritualis ianua)'', and the door which gives access to the other sacraments. </blockquote> | ||
== The Baptizer == | == The Baptizer == | ||
I like to call him "the Baptizer." Interestingly, in some Orthodox churches, he is known as "John the Forerunner," which speaks to his Biblical role. However, "God is grace" speaks most clearly to his Biblical purpose, which we pray on Easter Sunday Mass | I like to call him "the Baptizer." Interestingly, in some Orthodox churches, he is known as "John the Forerunner," which speaks to his Biblical role. However, "God is grace" speaks most clearly to his Biblical purpose, which we pray on during Easter Sunday Mass:<blockquote>Father, you give us grace through sacramental signs, | ||
which tell us of the wonders of your unseen power. | which tell us of the wonders of your unseen power. | ||
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of the grace you give us in this sacrament.<ref>From the Roman Missal, as per [[Father, you give us grace through sacramental signs, which tell us of the wonders of your unseen power. In Baptism we use your gift of water, which you have made a rich symbol of the grace you give us in this sacrament.|CCC 1217]]</ref></blockquote> | of the grace you give us in this sacrament.<ref>From the Roman Missal, as per [[Father, you give us grace through sacramental signs, which tell us of the wonders of your unseen power. In Baptism we use your gift of water, which you have made a rich symbol of the grace you give us in this sacrament.|CCC 1217]]</ref></blockquote> | ||
Most western believers think of John only in terms of the Baptism of Christ, but if we listen to Jesus himself, there's a lot more to John than than that to which we usually attest about him. | Most western believers think of John only in terms of the Baptism of Christ, but if we listen to Jesus himself, there's a lot more to John than than that to which we usually attest about him. | ||
== | == Why was John the Baptist necessary? == | ||
One historical approach we can employ here is to apply a counter-factual, in this case, removal of John from the moment in order to test alternative outcomes. Obviously, God does what God does. Nevertheless, by thinking over John's absence, we can better grasp his importance and why Jesus said of him in Matthew 11:<blockquote>"Amen, I say to you, among those born of women there has been none greater than John the Baptist; yet the least in the kingdom of heaven is greater than he."<ref>[https://bible.usccb.org/bible/matthew/11:11 Mt 11:11] Interestingly, the phrase "among those born of women" implicitly affirms of Jesus' divinity, as well as the existence of angels.</ref></blockquote>The Gospel continues with Jesus' explanation for why John was so great:<blockquote>From the days of John the Baptist until now, the kingdom of heaven suffers violence, and the violent are taking it by force. | One historical approach we can employ here is to apply a counter-factual, in this case, removal of John from the moment in order to test alternative outcomes. Obviously, God does what God does. Nevertheless, by thinking over the contingency of John's absence, we can better grasp his importance and why Jesus said of him in [https://bible.usccb.org/bible/matthew/11 Matthew 11]:<blockquote>"Amen, I say to you, among those born of women there has been none greater than John the Baptist; yet the least in the kingdom of heaven is greater than he."<ref>[https://bible.usccb.org/bible/matthew/11:11 Mt 11:11] Interestingly, the phrase "among those born of women" implicitly affirms of Jesus' divinity, as well as the existence of angels.</ref></blockquote>The Gospel continues with Jesus' explanation for why John was so great:<blockquote>From the days of John the Baptist until now, the kingdom of heaven suffers violence, and the violent are taking it by force. | ||
All the prophets and the law prophesied up to the time of John. And if you are willing to accept it, he is Elijah, the one who is to come. | All the prophets and the law prophesied up to the time of John. And if you are willing to accept it, he is Elijah, the one who is to come. | ||
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For John came neither eating nor drinking, and they said, ‘He is possessed by a demon.’ | For John came neither eating nor drinking, and they said, ‘He is possessed by a demon.’ | ||
The Son of Man came eating and drinking and they said, ‘Look, he is a glutton and a drunkard, a friend of tax collectors and sinners.’ But wisdom is vindicated by her works.”</blockquote>Let's start with "the kingdom of heaven suffers violence" -- | The Son of Man came eating and drinking and they said, ‘Look, he is a glutton and a drunkard, a friend of tax collectors and sinners.’ But wisdom is vindicated by her works.”</blockquote>Let's start with "the kingdom of heaven suffers violence" -- wow. Why in the context of the Baptizer? | ||
Perhaps Jesus is telling us that the Baptizer's insertion provoked a counter-attack from the other side? It would seem so -- and we might consider the "violence" in what seems passive, belief. | |||
As we see in those last two verses, | As we see in those last two verses, John came "neither eating nor drinking," whereas the Son of Man comes "eating and drinking," for which both are condemned ("they said"). "They" didn't dance when the flute was played, and "they" didn't mourn when the dirge was sung -- missed signals, and "they" still don't get why John didn't eat or drink and the Son of Man does. The footnote to the USSCB NASB translation on [https://bible.usccb.org/bible/matthew/11?16 verse 16] says that the meaning of this parable is "is much disputed." | ||
I don't find it difficult, especially in the context of "this generation" -- which includes us, not just those of Jesus' day. We're all confused and misdirected and Christ is misinterpreted, ignored, and the wrong dances are danced, the wrong dirges or mourned or not mourned at all. Ears weren't then and aren't now listening. | I don't find it difficult, especially in the context of "this generation" -- which includes us, not just those of Jesus' day. We're all confused and misdirected and Christ is misinterpreted, ignored, and the wrong dances are danced, the wrong dirges or mourned or not mourned at all. Ears weren't then and aren't now listening. | ||
But wait -- I think that's the point: the Baptizer, or the Forerunner, came to announce the Kingdom to those who might be willing to hear him. Isn't that what baptism itself is for -- God's gift that opens our hearts, our minds, and our souls to Christ?<ref>And per [https://bible.usccb.org/bible/mark/12:30 Mk 12:30], with all our strength.</ref> John, then, didn't just baptize the Jews, he baptized us, should we be willing to listen, with the joyous announcement, prefiguring baptism by the Holy Spirit. | But wait -- I think that's the point: the Baptizer, or the Forerunner, came to announce the Kingdom to those who might be willing to hear him. Isn't that what baptism itself is for -- God's gift that opens our hearts, our minds, and our souls to Christ?<ref>And per [https://bible.usccb.org/bible/mark/12:30 Mk 12:30], with all our strength.</ref> John, then, didn't just baptize the Jews, he baptized us, should we be willing to listen, with the joyous announcement, prefiguring baptism by the Holy Spirit. | ||
[[File:Pieter_Bruegel_the_Elder_-_The_Sermon_of_Saint_John_the_Baptist.jpg|thumb|<small>The Preaching of St. John the Baptist by Pieter Bruegel the Elder, 1566 (wikipedia)</small>]] | |||
John baptized a lot of people -- and everyone knew of him, all the way to the court of Herod, the chief priests<ref>[https://bible.usccb.org/bible/matthew/21:23 Mt 21;23]</ref>, and into the histories of the late first century Jewish historian, Josephus.<ref>his "Antiquities of the Jews," Josephus wrote more about John than Jesus, but think audience: he wrote under Domitian, who horribly persecuted Christians. Later manuscripts have Josephus mentioning Jesus as the "Messiah", but these were likely added to the original text.</ref> Take away the Baptizer, Jesus has no context, no introduction, no "forerunner." But why would that be necessary for God? | John baptized a lot of people -- and everyone knew of him, all the way to the court of Herod, the chief priests<ref>[https://bible.usccb.org/bible/matthew/21:23 Mt 21;23]</ref>, and into the histories of the late first century Jewish historian, Josephus.<ref>his "Antiquities of the Jews," Josephus wrote more about John than Jesus, but think audience: he wrote under Domitian, who horribly persecuted Christians. Later manuscripts have Josephus mentioning Jesus as the "Messiah", but these were likely added to the original text.</ref> Take away the Baptizer, Jesus has no context, no introduction, no "forerunner." But why would that be necessary for God? | ||
== The Forerunner == | == The Forerunner == | ||
Firstly, whatever the larger purpose, the Lord planned out the role of the Forerunner from his miraculous conception in the barren Elizabeth.<ref>[https://bible.usccb.org/bible/luke/1?7 Lk 1:7]</ref> In [https://bible.usccb.org/bible/luke/1?26 Luke 1:26],<blockquote>In the sixth month, the angel Gabriel was sent from God to a town of Galilee called Nazareth, </blockquote> | |||
Firstly, whatever the larger purpose, the Lord planned out the role of the Forerunner from his miraculous conception in the barren Elizabeth.<ref>[https://bible.usccb.org/bible/luke/1?7 Lk 1:7]</ref> In [https://bible.usccb.org/bible/luke/1?26 Luke 1:26], | |||
The sixth month was that of John's conception, which Luke uses to measure the Archangel's announcement to Mary. And, of course, John "leaped in the womb" as Mary's walked in to his mother Elizabeth's house ([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/luke/1?41 Lk 1:41]). From the beginning, then, John announces the arrival of the Christ, fulfilling Isaiah's prophecy ([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/mark/1?2 Mk 1:2]),<blockquote>“Behold, I am sending my messenger ahead of you; he will prepare your way.<ref>The footnote in the USCCB NASB to Mk 1:2 states that this prophesy is actually an amalgamation of other scriptural texts, all of which point to the announcement of the coming of Christ.</ref></blockquote>Jesus later teaches Peter, James and John that John the Baptist was the second coming of Elijah<ref>[https://bible.usccb.org/bible/matthew/17:11 Mt 17:11-13]:<blockquote>He told them, “Elijah will indeed come first and restore all things, yet how is it written regarding the Son of Man that he must suffer greatly and be treated with contempt? But I tell you that Elijah has come and they did to him whatever they pleased, as it is written of him.”</blockquote>Like the Son of Man, John suffered at the hands of the unfaithful authorities ([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/matthew/14:1 Mt 14:1-12]). Btw, Elijah was persecuted by the wife, Jezebel, of a vacillating and morally corrupt King, Ahab ([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/1kings/19?2 1Kg 19:2]), and John by a similar king, Herod of Antipas, at the hands of scheming his wife, Herodias.</ref>, so we have a very clear role for the Forerunner. | The sixth month was that of John's conception, which Luke uses to measure the Archangel's announcement to Mary. And, of course, John "leaped in the womb" as Mary's walked in to his mother Elizabeth's house ([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/luke/1?41 Lk 1:41]). From the beginning, then, John announces the arrival of the Christ, fulfilling Isaiah's prophecy ([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/mark/1?2 Mk 1:2]),<blockquote>“Behold, I am sending my messenger ahead of you; he will prepare your way.<ref>The footnote in the USCCB NASB to Mk 1:2 states that this prophesy is actually an amalgamation of other scriptural texts, all of which point to the announcement of the coming of Christ.</ref></blockquote>Jesus later teaches Peter, James and John that John the Baptist was the second coming of Elijah<ref>[https://bible.usccb.org/bible/matthew/17:11 Mt 17:11-13]:<blockquote>He told them, “Elijah will indeed come first and restore all things, yet how is it written regarding the Son of Man that he must suffer greatly and be treated with contempt? But I tell you that Elijah has come and they did to him whatever they pleased, as it is written of him.”</blockquote>Like the Son of Man, John suffered at the hands of the unfaithful authorities ([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/matthew/14:1 Mt 14:1-12]). Btw, Elijah was persecuted by the wife, Jezebel, of a vacillating and morally corrupt King, Ahab ([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/1kings/19?2 1Kg 19:2]), and John by a similar king, Herod of Antipas, at the hands of scheming his wife, Herodias.</ref>, so we have a very clear role for the Forerunner. | ||
[[File:Accademia_-_St_John_the_Baptist_by_Titian_Cat314.jpg|thumb|<small>St John the Baptist by Titian (wikipedia)</small>]] | |||
Next would be his role as the Baptizer -- which goes hand-in-hand with his role as Forerunner ([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/mark/1:4 Mk 1:4-8]):<blockquote>John [the] Baptist appeared in the desert proclaiming a baptism of repentance for the forgiveness of sins. People of the whole Judean countryside and all the inhabitants of Jerusalem were going out to him and were being baptized by him in the Jordan River as they acknowledged their sins. John was clothed in camel’s hair, with a leather belt around his waist. He fed on locusts and wild honey. | Next would be his role as the Baptizer -- which goes hand-in-hand with his role as Forerunner ([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/mark/1:4 Mk 1:4-8]):<blockquote>John [the] Baptist appeared in the desert proclaiming a baptism of repentance for the forgiveness of sins. People of the whole Judean countryside and all the inhabitants of Jerusalem were going out to him and were being baptized by him in the Jordan River as they acknowledged their sins. John was clothed in camel’s hair, with a leather belt around his waist. He fed on locusts and wild honey. | ||
And this is what he proclaimed: “One mightier than I is coming after me. I am not worthy to stoop and loosen the thongs of his sandals. | And this is what he proclaimed: “One mightier than I is coming after me. I am not worthy to stoop and loosen the thongs of his sandals. | ||
I have baptized you with water; he will baptize you with the holy Spirit.”</blockquote>Baptism under John was a kind of self-repentance; whereas only the Messiah (or the Son of Man) can actually forgive sins. Still, his purpose of repentance and forgiveness of sins is clear. Yet, John and his followers, which included at least some of the Apostles, believed that the Messiah would rain fire upon the enemies of Israel, as did Elijah to the priests of Jezebel. Of course they didn't understand, but such is the process of revelation, through which God gives us hints and glimpses of truths we are unprepared to comprehend. | I have baptized you with water; he will baptize you with the holy Spirit.”</blockquote>Baptism under John was a kind of self-repentance; whereas only the Messiah (or the Son of Man) can actually forgive sins. Still, his purpose of repentance and forgiveness of sins is clear, as well as his role to announce "the one":<blockquote>"I did not know him, but the reason why I came baptizing with water was that he might be made known to Israel.”<ref>[https://bible.usccb.org/bible/john/1?33 Jn 1:33]</ref></blockquote>Yet, John and his followers, which included at least some of the Apostles, believed that the Messiah would rain fire upon the enemies of Israel, as did Elijah to the priests of Jezebel. Of course they didn't understand, but such is the process of revelation, through which God gives us hints and glimpses of truths we are unprepared to comprehend. | ||
When Jesus explained ([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/matthew/11?12 Mt 11:12]),<blockquote>From the days of John the Baptist until now, the kingdom of heaven suffers violence, and the violent are taking it by force.</blockquote>they may have heard fire and brimstone upon Israel's enemies rather than God's wrath over his enemy, sin. | When Jesus explained ([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/matthew/11?12 Mt 11:12]),<blockquote>From the days of John the Baptist until now, the kingdom of heaven suffers violence, and the violent are taking it by force.</blockquote>they may have heard fire and brimstone upon Israel's enemies rather than God's wrath over his enemy, sin. | ||
Indeed, from Herod's prison, John sent his disciples to ask if Jesus was truly "the one" ([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/matthew/11?3 Mt 11:3]), Jesus replies [https://bible.usccb.org/bible/matthew/11?4 Mt 11:4-5]), <blockquote>“Go and tell John what you hear and see: the blind regain their sight, the lame walk, lepers are cleansed, the deaf hear, the dead are raised, and the poor have the good news proclaimed to them.</blockquote> | Indeed, from Herod's prison, John sent his disciples to ask if Jesus was truly "the one" ([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/matthew/11?3 Mt 11:3]), Jesus replies [https://bible.usccb.org/bible/matthew/11?4 Mt 11:4-5]), <blockquote>“Go and tell John what you hear and see: the blind regain their sight, the lame walk, lepers are cleansed, the deaf hear, the dead are raised, and the poor have the good news proclaimed to them.</blockquote> | ||
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== The best and necessary man == | == The best and necessary man == | ||
On considering that passage from John 3, we need to consider one last aspect of John and his mission, the best man at the wedding of Christ and his bride, the Church. John states ([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/john/3:29 Jn 3:29]),<blockquote>The one who has the bride is the bridegroom; the best man, who stands and listens to him, rejoices greatly at the bridegroom’s voice. So this joy of mine has been made complete.</blockquote>John, | On considering that passage from John 3, we need to consider one last aspect of John and his mission, the best man at the wedding of Christ and his bride, the Church. John states ([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/john/3:29 Jn 3:29]),<blockquote>The one who has the bride is the bridegroom; the best man, who stands and listens to him, rejoices greatly at the bridegroom’s voice. So this joy of mine has been made complete.</blockquote>Somebody had to be the best man, but John was more. Indeed, he not only rejoiced the wedding, he introduced the bride and groom:<blockquote>“Behold, the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world.<ref>[https://bible.usccb.org/bible/john/1?29 Jn 1:29]</ref></blockquote>October 11, 2024 by Michael | ||
---- | <center>''St. Joseph, pray for us!''</center> | ||
----<u>Notes</u>: | |||
- | * Luke's Acts ([https://bible.usccb.org/bible/acts/19:3 19:3-7]) relates how in Ephesus (Greek Anatolia) Paul encountered a group of John's disciples whom he baptized "in the name of the Lord Jesus." | ||
<br>Here to go back to [[Blog roll]] | * There yet exists a cult of John the Baptism. These are known as "Mandaeans," a gnostic sect that believes John the Baptist was the final prophet from God. | ||
----<br>Here to go back to [[Blog roll]] | |||
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