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→‎Table of heretical and schismatic movements
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*** because, either way, the bread and wine are only material and not divine
*** because, either way, the bread and wine are only material and not divine


== Heresies and Schisms ==
== Types of heresies and heretical beliefs ==


=== Types of heresies and heretical beliefs ===
=== Examples of heretical views of Christ and the Trinity ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Movement
!Christ as God alone
!Christ as Man alone
!Christ as other
|-
|Adoptionism
|
|Y
|adopted by God
|-
|Doscetics
|Y
|N
|Christ existed in spirit only
|-
|Gnosticism
|Y
|
|
|-
|Islam
|
|Y
|prophet
|}
 
=== General categories of movements ===
 
* i.e., not a specific movement, but a type of heresy or belief that heretical movements adhered to or shared beliefs in


==== asceticism ====
==== asceticism ====
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* believed that Christ was not mortal, did not actually die on the Cross
* believed that Christ was not mortal, did not actually die on the Cross
* believed that Christ's physical presence was illusionary


==== Gnosticism ====
==== dualism ====
 
* belief in opposing forces or gods, generally good v. evil
** sometimes, as in Gnosticism, spiritual v. material
 
==== gnosticism ====


* denied the humanity of Christ
* denied the humanity of Christ
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* believed in a "secret wisdom" that was revealed only to followers
* believed in a "secret wisdom" that was revealed only to followers
* came of Greek traditional religion mixed with Christianity
* came of Greek traditional religion mixed with Christianity
*


==== modalism ====
==== modalism ====
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==== Monarchianism ====
==== Monarchianism ====


* = the general umbrella for Docestism and modalism
* denies the Trinity
* denies the Trinity
* claims that God is one person only
* claims that God is one person only
* strict monotheism
* strict monotheism
Mormanism
==== rigorism ====
==== rigorism ====


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* [[wikipedia:List_of_heresies_in_the_Catholic_Church|List of heresies in the Catholic Church - Wikipedia]]
* [[wikipedia:List_of_heresies_in_the_Catholic_Church|List of heresies in the Catholic Church - Wikipedia]]


=== Heretical religions ===
=== Heretical and Schismatic Movements from the Catholic perspective ===
 
=== Islam ===
 
* rejects Christ as God
 
==== Judaism ====
 
* reject Christ as Messiah and God
 
====== Mormonism ======
 
* has non-Biblical beliefs such as "saints" (members of the Mormon church) as gods (polytheism)
 
====== Protestantism ======
 
* especially in the early period of the protestant movement was seen as not merely schismatic but heretical
* French protestants, for example, the Huguenots, were persecuted for heresy
* various modern Protestant churches may reject core Catholic beliefs of
** Sacraments of Confirmation, Priestly Ordination, and the Eucharist
** the Real Presence of Christ at Mass, especially in the Eucharist
** Saints
** Church tradition
 
== Table of heretical and schismatic movements ==
>> todo: combine charts (1st one imported from S4S.wiki)
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Movement
!Christ as God alone
!Christ as Man alone
!Christ as other
!Notes
|-
|Adoptionism
|Y
|
|
|believed the Jesus the man was not God but God adopted him at his birth; his spirit was returned to God at the Resurrection and Ascension
|-
|Doscetics
|Y
|N
|Christ existed in spirit only
|His physical presence was illusionary
|-
|Gnostics
|Y
|
|
|Gnostics had "secret knowledge" from an unknown God
|-
|Marcions
|
|
|Christ was different from the Old Testament God
|
|-
|Montanism
|
|
|
|"New Prophesy" movement adhered to Christian orthodoxy but focused on prophesy and revelations from the Holy Spirit
|-
|Rigorism
|
|
|
|Novatian believed that no sinner should be allowed into a church; forbade remarriage
|}


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+Heretical and Schismatic Movements from the Catholic perspective
!Movement
!Movement
!Century
!Century
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!Category 2
!Category 2
!Heresy
!Heresy
!Orthodoxy
!Heterodoxy
!Heterodoxy
|-
|-
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|
|
|New Covenant
|New Covenant
|Belief in Christ
|Jewish Law
|Jewish Law
|-
|-
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|
|
|
|
|Belief in Christ
|
|
|-
|-
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|
|
|reconciliation impossible
|reconciliation impossible
|Belief in Christ
|Purity of sacramental office
|Purity of sacramental office
|-
|-
|Origenism
|Origenism
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|denied original sin
|denied original sin
|Belief in Christ
|
|
|-
|-
|Marcionism
|Marcionism
|2nd
|Christ only divine, denies the Trinity
|gnosticism
|dualism
|rejected the Old Testament
|
|
|Christ only divine
* Marcion believed in Christ as the "benevolent God" and YAHWEY of the Old Testament as evil
* believed that Paul was the only true Apostle, and he rejected the Old Testament and accepted only the Gospel of Luke and the Letters of Paul
* Marcionism differs from Gnosticism in that Marcion did not adhere to the doctrine of "secret wisdom," basing his beliefs on the Letters of Paul.
|-
|Adoptionism
|2nd
|Christ the man was "adopted" by God
|gnosticism
|gnosticism
|
|
|rejected the Old Testament
|rejected the Trinity
|
|Various forms, but primarily believed the Jesus the man was not God but that God adopted Jesus at his birth and his spirit was returned to God at the Resurrection and Ascension
|held that Paul was the only true Apostle
|-
|-
|Montanism
|Montanism
|2nd
|2nd
|
|Prophesy
|prophetic
|prophetic
|
|
|
|
|
|"New Prophesy" movement adhered to Christian orthodoxy but focused on prophesy and revelations from the Holy Spirit
|
|-
|-
|Novationism
|Novationism
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|
|
|
|
|denied return of ''Lapsi'' (apostates) after the Decian persecution; his followers called themselves the "Church of the Pure"
* Novatian believed that no sinner should be allowed into a church; forbade remarriage
 
* denied return of ''Lapsi'' (apostates) after the Decian persecution; his followers called themselves the "Church of the Pure"
|-
|-
|Arianism
|Arianism
|3rd
|3rd
|Denied divinity of Christ
|Denied divinity of Christ
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|rejected the Trinity
|rejected the Trinity
|
|denied Mary as Mother of God; taught the "prosopic union" of Christ as divine and human as separate entities
|denied Mary as Mother of God; taught the "prosopic union" of Christ as divine and human as separate entities
|-
|-
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|prophetic
|prophetic
|docetism
|docetism
|
|
|
|Denial of divinity of Christ
|Denial of divinity of Christ
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|Eastern Ortohdox
|Eastern Ortohdox
|9th
|9th
|
|
|
|
|
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|-
|-
|Manichaean
|Manichaean
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|-
|-
|
|
|
|
|
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|-
|-
|Paulicians
|Paulicians
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|-
|-
|
|
|
|
|
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|cultish worship of the Holy Spirit
|cultish worship of the Holy Spirit
|milleniarian
|milleniarian
|
|
|
|
|
|followers of Joachim of Fiore who taught end-of-times millenarism that was to start in 1260
|followers of Joachim of Fiore who taught end-of-times millenarism that was to start in 1260
|-
|-
|
|
|
|
|
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|Lollards
|Lollards
|15th
|15th
|
|
|
|
|
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|Protestantism
|Protestantism
|16th
|16th
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|-
|-
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|-
|-
|
|
|
|
|
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|asceticism
|asceticism
|prophetic  
|prophetic  
|
|
|
|
|
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|Jehovah's Witness
|Jehovah's Witness
|19th
|19th
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|-
|-
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|-
|-
|
|
|
|
|
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|Modernism
|Modernism
|19th
|19th
|
|
|
|
|
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|Atheism
|Atheism
|20th
|20th
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|}
|}
asdf
== Apostolic age ==
== Apostolic age ==


=== Judaizers ===
=== Judaizers ===


* held that to be a Christian one must first become a Jew and adhere to traditasdfional Jewish law
* held that to be a Christian one must first become a Jew and adhere to traditional Jewish (Mosaic) law
 
** such as circumcision, diet, etc.
*
* Through Divine intervention, St. Peter declared all food "clean"
* St. Paul argued that Christ had fulfilled the Old Testament, thereby superseding the Law
** while not negating it entirely, esp. Ten Commandments


== Early Church age ==
== Early Church age ==
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== Medieval age ==
== Medieval age ==
== Late Medieval & Enlightenment ==


== Modern age ==
== Modern age ==
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* Pius IX and X warned of the dangers of modernism
* Pius IX and X warned of the dangers of modernism
== Heretical religions ==
While not "heretical movements," these main, worldwide religions share beliefs with Catholicism but disagree in such ways as to be heretical to Catholic faith
=== Islam ===
* rejects Christ as God
=== Judaism ===
* reject Christ as Messiah and God
=== Mormonism ===
* has non-Biblical beliefs such as "saints" (members of the Mormon church) as gods (polytheism)
=== Protestantism ===
* especially in the early period of the protestant movement was seen as not merely schismatic but heretical
* French protestants, for example, the Huguenots, were persecuted for heresy
* various modern Protestant churches may reject core Catholic beliefs of
** Sacraments of Confirmation, Priestly Ordination, and the Eucharist
** the Real Presence of Christ at Mass, especially in the Eucharist
** Saints
** Church tradition
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