Heresy

Heresy = denial of the orthodox faith

Schism = deviation from orthodoxy without full denial of it

Orthodox = "the right way", what it is accepted, i.e. Catholic belief

This page includes list of Heresies and schisms

Definitions

"hetero" (another, of the other) + dox = other opion
- note: the suffix -doxy comes from PIE root *dek- "to take, accept"

most but not all heresies come from misunderstandings or heterodoxic teachings about the nature of Christ

as all man
- not divine, a prophet, not God
or all God
- not man, thus only present in appearance not substance of a man
implicates understanding of Mary
- Mother of God = gave birth to a man
- as a divine "vessel": = carried God not a man

requires strict compliance with religious code
adherence to self-mortification, including
- excessive fasting
- physical pain
abstinence from pleasure, including
- alcohol
- sex
- material goods
isolation or monasticism
Asceticism may be practiced by orthodox believers, especially Saints
- but as a movement that requires strict adherence it becomes heretical

see

=== Tables of heretical and schismatic movements

>> todo: combine charts (1st one imported from S4S.wiki)


Movement	Christ as God alone	Christ as Man alone	Christ as other	Notes
Adoptionism	Y			believed the Jesus the man was not God but God adopted him at his birth; his spirit was returned to God at the Resurrection and Ascension
Doscetics	Y	N	Christ existed in spirit only	His physical presence was illusionary
Gnostics	Y			Gnostics had "secret knowledge" from an unknown God
Marcions			Christ was different from the Old Testament God
Montanism				"New Prophesy" movement adhered to Christian orthodoxy but focused on prophesy and revelations from the Holy Spirit

Heretical and Schismatic Movements from the Catholic perspective
Movement	Century	Belief	Category 1	Category 2	Heresy	Orthodoxy	Heterodoxy
Judaisers	1st	Judaism required for Christians			New Covenant	Belief in Christ	Jewish Law
Manachiasm						Belief in Christ
Donatism		Confession of faith required	asceticism		reconciliation impossible	Belief in Christ	Purity of sacramental office
Origenism
Pelagianism			asceticism		denied original sin	Belief in Christ
Marcionism		Christ only divine	gnosticism		rejected the Old Testament		held that Paul was the only true Apostle
Montanism	2nd		prophetic
Arianism	3rd	Denied divinity of Christ
Nestorianism	5th	Christ human only					denied Mary as Mother of God
Islam	8th	strict monotheism	prophetic	docetism			Denial of divinity of Christ
Eastern Ortohdox	9th
Manichaean
Paulicians
Lollards	15th
Protestantism	16th


Mormanism	19th		asceticism	prophetic
Jehovah's Witness	19th


Modernism	19th
Atheism	20th

asdf

held that to be a Christian one must first become a Jew and adhere to traditasdfional Jewish law

or "New Prophesy"
believed that God spoke to followers who were inspired by the Holy Spirit
Montanus and his followers were known to "babble" while claiming to be filled with the Holy Spirit
Montanus had two followers who also claimed gifts of prophesy, Prisca and Maximilla, two women who with Montanus claimed ecstatic visions
they told followers to fast excessively in order to experience the same visions
Montanus likely hung himself, as did Maximilla.
afterwards, Prisca led the movement, which passed along to Quintilla, who claimed that Eve was heroic for having eaten of the Tree of Knowledge and followed the Hebrew prophetess Miriam (sister of Moses) as rationale for female priests
- the movement became a form of Gnosticism

Pelagius argued that when born humans are not subject to Original Sin
- and therefore had entire powers of a free will
- sin, therefore, was a choice and avoidable
the movement fell into asceticism as way of proof of one's purity