Heresy = denial of the orthodox faith

Schism = deviation from orthodoxy without full denial of it

Orthodox = "the right way", what it is accepted, i.e. Catholic belief

This page includes list of Heresies and schisms

Heresies and Schisms

Types of Heresies and heretical beliefs

Judaism

Asceticism

  • requires strict compliance with religious code
  • adherence to self-mortification, including
    • excessive fasting
    • physical pain
  • abstinence from pleasure, including
    • alcohol
    • sex
    • material goods
  • isolation or monasticism
  • Asceticism may be practiced by orthodox believers, especially Saints
    • but as a movement that requires strict adherence it becomes heretical

Docetism

  • believed that Christ was not mortal, did not actually die on the Cross

Gnosticism

  • denied the humanity of Christ
  • loathed the material world, saw it as corrupt
  • believed in a "secret wisdom" that was revealed only to followers
  • came of Greek traditional religion mixed with Christianity

Modalism

  • belief in one God who has different "modes" but not different persons
  • strict monotheism

Monarchianism

  • denies the Trinity
  • claims that God is one person only
  • strict monotheism

see

=== Tables of heretical and schismatic movements

>> todo: combine charts (1st one imported from S4S.wiki)

Movement Christ as God alone Christ as Man alone Christ as other Notes
Adoptionism Y believed the Jesus the man was not God but God adopted him at his birth; his spirit was returned to God at the Resurrection and Ascension
Doscetics Y N Christ existed in spirit only His physical presence was illusionary
Gnostics Y Gnostics had "secret knowledge" from an unknown God
Marcions Christ was different from the Old Testament God
Montanism "New Prophesy" movement adhered to Christian orthodoxy but focused on prophesy and revelations from the Holy Spirit
Heretical and Schismatic Movements from the Catholic perspective
Movement Century Belief Category 1 Category 2 Heresy Orthodoxy Heterodoxy
Judaisers 1st Judaism required for Christians New Covenant Belief in Christ Jewish Law
Manachiasm Belief in Christ
Donatism Confession of faith required asceticism reconciliation impossible Belief in Christ Purity of sacramental office
Origenism
Pelagianism asceticism denied original sin Belief in Christ
Marcionism Christ only divine gnosticism rejected the Old Testament held that Paul was the only true Apostle
Montanism 2nd prophetic
Arianism 3rd Denied divinity of Christ
Nestorianism 5th Christ human only denied Mary as Mother of God
Islam 8th strict monotheism prophetic docetism Denial of divinity of Christ
Eastern Ortohdox 9th
Manichaean
Paulicians
Lollards 15th
Protestantism 16th
Mormanism 19th asceticism prophetic
Jehovah's Witness 19th
Modernism 19th
Atheism 20th

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Apostolic age

Judaizers

  • held that to be a Christian one must first become a Jew and adhere to traditasdfional Jewish law

Early Church age

Marcionism

  • denied the Old Testament God
  • held that Christ was divine only and only appeared as a Man, was not

Montanism

  • or "New Prophesy"
  • believed that God spoke to followers who were inspired by the Holy Spirit
  • Montanus and his followers were known to "babble" while claiming to be filled with the Holy Spirit
  • Montanus had two followers who also claimed gifts of prophesy, Prisca and Maximilla, two women who with Montanus claimed ecstatic visions
  • they told followers to fast excessively in order to experience the same visions
  • Montanus likely hung himself, as did Maximilla.
  • afterwards, Prisca led the movement, which passed along to Quintilla, who claimed that Eve was heroic for having eaten of the Tree of Knowledge and followed the Hebrew prophetess Miriam (sister of Moses) as rationale for female priests
    • the movement became a form of Gnosticism

Pelagianism

  • Pelagius argued that when born humans are not subject to Original Sin
    • and therefore had entire powers of a free will
    • sin, therefore, was a choice and avoidable
  • the movement fell into asceticism as way of proof of one's purity

Medieval age

Modern age

Modernism

  • Pius IX and X warned of the dangers of modernism